As AoC says, strict RAW prohibits CAPing CAP. However quite a number of people allow this as a house rule. The main problem is that the process to resolve the situation can rapidly become quite tortuous. The situation is made more complex where one or both sides are flying their a/c within range of friendly ground AA (or AA 'umbrella') which can help protect their own side. Each formation is resolved in turn, starting with the last air formation to arrive and working through to the first one.
So for example, assume 'Red' has two formations on CAP, while 'Blue' is attacking with a bomber and one formation on CAP (acting as an escort), and the dogfight is occuring in range of ground AA from both sides. The full process is as follows:-
- Blue Bomber declares ground assault and moves
- Red CAP #1 moves into position by the bomber
- Blue CAP responds and homes in on Red CAP #1
- Red CAP #2 moves against Blue CAP
The dogfight is now resolved, starting with the last formation into the fight:-
- Resolve Red CAP #2 situation
- Blue ground AA and Blue CAP shoot (if in range and arc of course), Red CAP #2 casulaties removed
- Resolve Blue CAP situation
- Red ground AA and Red CAP #2 remnants shoot, Blue CAP casualties removed
- Resolve Red CAP #1 situation
- Blue ground fire and Blue Bomber shoot, Red CAP #1 casulaties removed
- Resolve Blue Bomber situation
- Red ground fire and Red CAP #1 remnants shoot, Blue Bomber casualties removed
- Resolve ground attack
- If it is still there, Blue Bomber carries out its attack
Note, AA is resolved on a unit-by-unit basis rather than by formation.
- Ground AA can fire once at each enemy a/c that pass within range of their guns (either on approach or disengagement)
- Aircraft that are flying (from previous activations) may shoot at any enemy a/c that end it's move in range and arc.
- The 'umbrella' effect is the combination of ground and airborne AA that can be used to protect friendly A/c within range.