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Robots are a soldiers best friend

 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 3:24 am 
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn....pf.html


The most effective way to find and destroy a land mine is to step on it.

This has bad results, of course, if you're a human. But not so much if you're a robot and have as many legs as a centipede sticking out from your body. That's why Mark Tilden, a robotics physicist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, built something like that. At the Yuma Test Grounds in Arizona, the autonomous robot, 5 feet long and modeled on a stick-insect, strutted out for a live-fire test and worked beautifully, he says. Every time it found a mine, blew it up and lost a limb, it picked itself up and readjusted to move forward on its remaining legs, continuing to clear a path through the minefield.

Finally it was down to one leg. Still, it pulled itself forward. Tilden was ecstatic. The machine was working splendidly.

The human in command of the exercise, however -- an Army colonel -- blew a fuse.

The colonel ordered the test stopped.

Why? asked Tilden. What's wrong?

The colonel just could not stand the pathos of watching the burned, scarred and crippled machine drag itself forward on its last leg.

This test, he charged, was inhumane.

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 7:08 am 
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Call me daft, but I sympathise with the colonel. It's a small step away from using an animal (and in the future, that step will be shorter still), and another small step away from using a human considered to be expendable. There are simpler and better and cheaper ways to get rid of mines.

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 9:06 am 
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Interesting article Markconz, thanks
Seems like pretty much everybody feels as you 'V' judging by the soldiers reactions.

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 9:07 am 
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I also agree with the colonel... Besides, why get a robot to do this when a simple motor in a ball would do the job just as well, without any fancy electronics?  ???

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 10:30 am 
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(vanvlak @ May 15 2007,06:08)
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It's a small step away from using an animal (and in the future, that step will be shorter still), and another small step away from using a human considered to be expendable.

You guys can't be serious? These types of robots don't suffer unless they are programmed to... not so for animals. Surely you are not suggesting a bomb feels sad that it is going to blow up!  Daft I say daft!  :p :;):  

It IS interesting (and somewhat comforting) that human altruistic instincts generalise so easily to their robotic companions that the humans suffer when the robots 'die'! Which relates to what I was saying in the '300' thread about evolutionary mechanisms being out of their depth.

That could be reason enough to question the methodology I guess, but lets understand what is really occuring here. Talons and Swords etc have no circuits for suffering even if their operators do, and there's no letters to write home if these get blown up. Sure its not great that anything has to get blown up, but if its a choice then no contest... send in the bots!




Plus bots are tough:


The Talon had already proven itself to be pretty rugged. One was blown off the roof of a Humvee and into a nearby river by a roadside bomb in Iraq. Soldiers simply opened its shrapnel-pocked control unit and drove the robot out of the river...

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 12:16 pm 
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(Markconz @ May 15 2007,10:30)
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It IS interesting (and somewhat comforting) that human altruistic instincts generalise so easily to their robotic companions that the humans suffer when the robots 'die'! Which relates to what I was saying in the '300' thread about evolutionary mechanisms being out of their depth.

This is something that I have done a little work on, the 'top down' empathic processes involved in artifacts. It is a natural human process to apply our own feeling to inanimate and artificial creations - ask anyone who swears at their computer/car/etc when it stops working!  :D

I just think that it would be a waste of resources to throw a robot at a mine when a bowling ball would do the job just as well... and be a great new sport!  :cool:

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 1:20 pm 
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(CyberShadow @ May 15 2007,11:16)
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I just think that it would be a waste of resources to throw a robot at a mine when a bowling ball would do the job just as well... and be a great new sport!  :cool:

A bowling ball robot would have to be pretty tough to survive a direct blast...  or do you mean just a bowling ball!  :confuse:

Something with lots of legs... can blow up lots of mines it seems, and potentially you might just be able to keep fitting it with spare legs for a bit...

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Tue May 15, 2007 8:55 pm 
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Just a bowling ball...  :D

Cheaper, easier and simpler. Always a winner.

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Wed May 16, 2007 4:55 am 
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The motorised ball wouldn't have the controlability and terrain climbing abilities I think. Bring on the centipedes!

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Wed May 16, 2007 6:49 am 
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You guys can't be serious? These types of robots don't suffer unless they are programmed to... not so for animals. Surely you are not suggesting a bomb feels sad that it is going to blow up!  Daft I say daft!  :p :;):  

An inteligent bomb would.
By the way, please do not get me wrong - I am IN NO WAY advocating the use of animals or humans for bomb clearance. My very poorly-made point was tht I sympathise with the officer who projects feelings a decent person would feel towards animals onto humans. And some day, when AI delivers on a scale which is still remote (or is it? CS?), I believe we will be having great big problems with robots' rights issues

Chris' point is interesting and (from my very limited experience) correct. Legs would even work better than caterpillar tracks in some cases (again, CS would probably know volumes about this, whilst mine is a more-or-less loosely informed opinion).
I wonder whether the general (or I) would empathise with a bowling ball robot, which looks far less like a living being. I like to think I would, but if I were to choose, I wonder which of the two models I'd sacrifice, and whether I'd consider which operating system (or intelligence system? I'm running out of vocabulary) is more - er - advanced? HAL 9000 in 2001: A Space Odyssey is a perfect case in point - can you sympathise with a circuit with a big camera eye? The voice makes a difference here, I guess.

Then again, I feel sorry for the poor remotely operated Wheelbarrow bomb disposal units, although I would not have qualms about having them used.

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Wed May 16, 2007 8:11 am 
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(vanvlak @ May 16 2007,05:49)
QUOTE
You guys can't be serious? These types of robots don't suffer unless they are programmed to... not so for animals. Surely you are not suggesting a bomb feels sad that it is going to blow up!  Daft I say daft!  :p :;):  

An inteligent bomb would.

ONLY if its programmed intelligence routines included the capacity for sadness, but why would you build sadness circuits into a bomb?   :O  It doesn't need a full emotional repertoire, appreciation of Mozart etc, if it is just going to blow up... what a waste of chips!  :)

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Wed May 16, 2007 8:19 am 
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(vanvlak @ May 16 2007,05:49)
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I wonder whether the general (or I) would empathise with a bowling ball robot, which looks far less like a living being. I like to think I would, but if I were to choose, I wonder which of the two models I'd sacrifice, and whether I'd consider which operating system (or intelligence system? I'm running out of vocabulary) is more - er - advanced? HAL 9000 in 2001: A Space Odyssey is a perfect case in point - can you sympathise with a circuit with a big camera eye? The voice makes a difference here, I guess.

Then again, I feel sorry for the poor remotely operated Wheelbarrow bomb disposal units, although I would not have qualms about having them used.

I think the more animate and more human something is the more easily our altruistic instincts generalise to feel for it.  Speech is really important part of being human, I reckon most people felt sorry for HAL at the end didn't they - or was that just me?

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Wed May 16, 2007 12:43 pm 
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The motorised ball wouldn't have the controlability and terrain climbing abilities I think. Bring on the centipedes!


OK, a cheap radio controlled car, then. My point is that even in a 'cheap and replacable' limb, the cost of development, actuators and technology in it (and it must be reasonably high tech with sensors and response so that the robot knows when a leg is missing) would still be quite high. My only point is that this is most likely not the cheapest or best way of clearing land mines.

And some day, when AI delivers on a scale which is still remote (or is it? CS?), I believe we will be having great big problems with robots' rights issues

We already are:
Times UK Online

Robots are currently fairly advanced, and can do things that really are incredible. The real barrier currently is that they are expensive and specialised. While they may be incredibly complicated (see Cog at MIT), they are still restricted to research institutes only. That is a bigger factor than their actual abilities right now.

Legs do have minor advantages, but the control issues with them currently makes them more of a novelty than a useful avenue. Slapping tracks on a robot gives almost as good mobility, at a fraction of the problem in control. Of course, a mine on a tracked robot would stop it moving, while the legged one seems to be able to keep going.

ONLY if its programmed intelligence routines included the capacity for sadness, but why would you build sadness circuits into a bomb?     It doesn't need a full emotional repertoire, appreciation of Mozart etc, if it is just going to blow up... what a waste of chips!  

Actually, sadness circuits may be exactly the requirement for an intelligent bomb. Look at it this way, an intelligence bomb would most likely want to decide when to detonate. In this case, weighing the human cost in terms of civilians and 'collatoral damage' may factor into the equation!  :alien:

I wonder whether the general (or I) would empathise with a bowling ball robot, which looks far less like a living being. I like to think I would, but if I were to choose, I wonder which of the two models I'd sacrifice, and whether I'd consider which operating system (or intelligence system? I'm running out of vocabulary) is more - er - advanced? HAL 9000 in 2001: A Space Odyssey is a perfect case in point - can you sympathise with a circuit with a big camera eye? The voice makes a difference here, I guess.

I think the more animate and more human something is the more easily our altruistic instincts generalise to feel for it.  Speech is really important part of being human, I reckon most people felt sorry for HAL at the end didn't they - or was that just me?

Let me put it this way, would you have had the same reaction if the text was put up on a DOS screen? What about a 'synthasised voice'? The inflection in the speech is deliberately designed to produce empathy. In some sense, this happens deliberately.

Anyone have SatNav? Leaving aside the recent and dumb fad of celebrity SatNav voices, machines pretty much always have a female voice. Why? Both women and men respond better and calmer to feminine voices than male ones. Have you even actually heard a computer male voice... ever?

What about the Sony Aibo (I have one of the early versions of these guys, Gizmo). A robot dog. Why a dog? We expect certain behaviours from a dog. A robot parrot may be expected to talk, a robot dog is not (Gizmo still surprised me sometimes), even thought the software inside may be identical.

Faces are probably the most important identifier for empathy in devices - which is why Thomas the Tank Engine and most others have a face somewhere. This is simply because we have dedicated neural circuits just set aside for lighting up and being triggered by a face. However, voices and speech is something that we associate with high level intelligence and 'full consiousness and emotional response'. When we hear a voice, we assume that the thing speaking is similar to us (since only we speak) and has the developed intelligence that we associate with speech. This leads naturally to intelligence being coupled with emotion in the speaker, and this creates a feedback emotion loop where we are able to identify with it.

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Wed May 16, 2007 1:03 pm 
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I would argue you could still build robot bombs sensitive to civilians without specifically including a sadness routine... :)  However, you may be right. Sometimes you get neuropsych patients whose sadness circuits are destroyed by a brain lesions and they can tend to do some pretty 'inconsiderate' things.  'No worries' sounds better than it actually is...

Yeah robot rights will happen, simply because we are really just robots ourselves, and there won't be 'robots and us' in any case... rather degrees of graduation where it will be impossible to tell where human ends and robot starts.  Already in testing are neural prosthetics for memory etc in addition to all the other prosthetics already in use.  Public acceptability of such mergers will be initially driven by use for an increasing range of medical conditions.

In my lab at uni (and in many other labs around the world) people are working on emotional repertoires and responses to human emotion for computer software. Cameras pick it up from facial expressions, plus sensors can pick up physiological changes.  Idea is to make computers more helpful when people get upset, angry with them etc... :D

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 Post subject: Robots are a soldiers best friend
PostPosted: Wed May 16, 2007 2:10 pm 
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Sometimes you get neuropsych patients whose sadness circuits are destroyed by a brain lesions and they can tend to do some pretty 'inconsiderate' things.  'No worries' sounds better than it actually is...


Yes. I have done a lot of work with kids with Autism, which is fascinating and a little disturbing.

Yeah robot rights will happen, simply because we are really just robots ourselves, and there won't be 'robots and us' in any case... rather degrees of graduation where it will be impossible to tell where human ends and robot starts.

Oh boy. Lets not open the 'brain/mind' can just yet!  :p  We could go right back to Descartes for that!

Then we hit the 'Uncanny Valley':

http://www.biganimation.com/magazin....oneid=3

Already in testing are neural prosthetics for memory etc in addition to all the other prosthetics already in use.

I already have one - my PDA. I also have cybernetic visual enhancement (glasses).
:D

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